We develop small Methodical development "Dim fingers" (development of fine motor skills of hands). Push coins into piggy bank

The normal development of the child, starting from infancy, requires classes on the development of fine motor skills. Many parents have probably heard this term, but not everyone knows what it means and why classes are so necessary. Let's talk about development of fine motor skills: what is it, why are classes needed, what should they be?

Children's physiology and features of the development of fine motor skills

Gross motor skills are body movements that are performed under the command of psychoanalytic reactions in the brain center. There are three main types of motor skills:

Large. Large muscle work (jogging, push-ups)
Small. Movement of the hands and fingers. This includes combining actions (eyes + hands when drawing).
Articulation. Ability and ability to coordinate the functions of speech skills (coherent conversation).

Western scientists, having conducted research in the field of psychology, concluded that it is one third of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for fine motor skills. This part is "next door" to the brain speech center. This fact makes it possible to say that the development of fine motor skills in infants affects the formation process:

· speech skills;
memory
thinking;
logic;
imagination.

It was noticed that children who have good control over their hands are more diligent and get tired much less than children with whom no fine motor skills classes have been conducted.

A calendar of norms for the formation of fine motor skills in babies, or what and when you need to be able to?

Each age has its own norms for the development of fine motor skills, that is, the child is able to do a certain range of actions. As the nervous system matures and develops, the baby acquires more and more developmental opportunities. The formation of these skills must be monitored, since each subsequent achievement can only occur after the successful development of certain skills of one's age.

A step-by-step calendar of norms for the development of fine motor skills

4 months after birth. The first weeks of the newborn's hands are clenched into fists, and if we talk about the development of fine motor skills, then it is the unclenching of closed fists that can be called the first action in its development. All movements of the crumbs are still reflex, although the baby is trying to somehow coordinate them. Initially, he learns to control the movements of his eyes and head, then he reaches for objects with his hands, equally with his left and right, without highlighting the dominant one. Having caught the object in the palm at the reflex level, he clamps the brush.
From 4 months to 1 year. There is an improvement in the movement of hands and fingers. Initially, the baby learns to use only one hand when holding an object. Further, this item is transferred from one hand to another. By six months, he confidently holds small objects in his palm, and by 7–8 he uses his thumb and forefinger in order to pick up small toys from the floor. Actively and consciously uses hands to help oneself sit up, stand up, hold. Closer to 12 months, he can safely touch the beads. You can read more about the development of a baby of this age in the article:.
From 1 year to 2 years. Actions are getting better. At this age, the baby knows how to hold a spoon, handle it. Showing drawing skills. He can depict scribbles, dots and not quite even circles. Closer to two years, it is noticeable which of the hands is dominant. The child actively uses the index finger, showing it and touching unfamiliar objects with it.
From 2 years to 3 years. The movements involve not only the hands, but also the forearms, elbows. By the age of three, the pencil takes the correct position in the hand and the first masterpieces come out from under it in the form of straight lines, circles, ovals, squares. At this time, the little one must be introduced to scissors. Normally, when he is three years old, he knows how to cut a sheet of paper in half.
From 3 years to 4 years. The work uses the second hand. So, if a child draws with his right hand, then with his left he already holds the sheet on which he draws. He is able to color the figures, slightly going beyond the contour. It may well cut out a drawn large figure from paper. Closer to the age of four, he gets beautiful small details in his drawings.
From 4 years to 5 years. Finger motor skills are almost perfect. The kid, playing and applying drawing skills, does not use the entire hand, but only the brush. The coloring of the drawings becomes clearer and the lines no longer go beyond the contour. With the help of scissors, he is able to cut quite complex figures.
From 5 years to 6 years. Hand movements are coordinated. A pen or pencil is already confidently "lying" in the dominant hand. The kid knows how to write straight sticks in a certain field. Uses scissors well. In addition to the development of motor skills, you should think about social sociability and the education of independence. For this purpose, a pet is suitable. If your choice falls on a dog, then we advise you to read the article:.

What is the risk of this lack of development?

Insufficient level of fine motor skills slows down the process of formation of speech functions. If you do not conduct classes with a toddler, starting from infancy, then as a consequence, problems with memory and logical thinking will arise in the future. Today, there are quite a lot of devices, toys, activities that can help the baby. Parents, for their part, need to monitor the stages of development so that the child does not have problems with school performance, since the lack of development of fine motor skills leads to a lack of concentration, increased fatigue, and these indicators will inevitably lead to lagging behind peers.

How to develop fine motor skills in children ?

Starting from birth, parents should devote time to developing activities with the baby. First aid will be in putting rattles in the palms. Next, you need to let him touch different fabrics and textures. From 8 months, the following development methods can be applied.

Development of fine motor skills with massage

Carrying out a competent massage on the palms of the baby is an excellent option for developing motor skills. For massage sessions, you can attract an experienced specialist or knead the palms yourself. Manipulations begin at 3 months. For one session, 5 minutes is enough. Massage should be performed in the following sequence:

Gently stroke the child's palm for a minute;
rub your palm until warm;
· with light tapping movements of your fingers, walk along the hands and palms;
bend and unbend your fingers several times;
massage each finger individually.

Development of fine motor skills with finger games

Game No1. Okay.

Everyone remembers such words "Paladushki, patty, where they were at grandma's...". With the help of this game, the kid will learn to straighten the reflexively twisted fingers and clap his hands.

Game No2. beads

Entrust the child to sort out the buttons typed on a string or beads from small beads. Children love to touch such small objects with their little fingers. At an older age, you can invite the child to string beads on a thread or fishing line on their own.

Game No3. cereals

Such a game, in addition to motor skills, helps to become aware of tactile sensations. Pour any cereals into a bowl, buckwheat and rice are perfect. Give the bowl to the little one, let him touch it with his hands, sprinkle the cereal. You can hide in a bowl of cereal, a few small items, let the baby try to find them.

Game No4. Cinderella

After the age of 3, let your child help in the kitchen. Mix 3 types of cereals (peas, buckwheat, beans) let him sort the cereals into three different bowls.

Game No5. Guess

Blindfold the little one's eyes and give different objects to his hands, let him guess what is in his hands.

From the age of 7–9 months, you can offer your child colored paper. Let him crush it, feel it, tear it. At an older age, teach him to tear paper into strips or create applications from it. The smaller the pieces of torn paper will be, the more perfect the fine motor skills of the hands will become.

At the age of 1-1.5 years, show how to turn the pages in a book. The process will be much more exciting if the book is with bright pictures.

Exercise No3. Making a rattle

Give your child an empty plastic bottle and offer to throw small items into it. It can be beans, buttons or beads. Pour them on the table, let him take them himself and throw them into the bottle. At the end of the work, twist the bottle, let him play with the resulting rattle.

Development of fine motor skills through lessons

Drawing. Initially, this is learning to hold a pencil in your hands. Next, drawing the first sticks, dots, outlining the contours of various objects. After drawings, letters, etc.
Coloring. Teach your child to color both large and small objects. For these purposes, coloring pages, which the baby can already buy at 3 years old, are great help.
Modeling. This activity is suitable for any age. For classes, you can use plasticine, clay or dough. Initially, it is enough to roll a ball or strip of plasticine. Any preparation of a dish from dough can also be turned into an exciting game. The kid will gladly help roll out and sculpt the dough. Learn how to spend time with your baby and make memorable casts from the article:.
Cutting. Children's scissors without sharp ends can be given to a child closer to 3 years. After he learns how to handle them, give him a glue stick and colored paper. Creating an application will help develop imagination.
Embroidery. By the age of 5-6, it will be relevant to embroider with the child. More about this lesson in the article:.

Development of fine motor skills with educational toys

Finger dexterity toys. Make a toy out of empty plastic bottles of different sizes and colors. The main idea is to twist and twist the caps on these bottles.
Buttons. Teach your child how to fasten and unfasten buttons, open and close zippers. He can do it on his clothes or on yours.
Lacing. For these purposes, you can use an old unnecessary boot or make a model with lacing. Have your child lace up and unlace the laces or ribbons.
Mosaic. The main condition is that the details must correspond to age. So, small peanuts can be offered large details. Adults can purchase mosaics with small parts.
Board with items. Such a toy is made from a piece of plywood and various devices: a switch, a latch, door hinges and other parts used in everyday life. The kid feels them with interest, opens, turns them on.
Puzzles. Great for developing fine motor skills. These can be large puzzles that fold into a children's rug for the little ones. For older ones, you can use magnetic puzzles on the refrigerator. Well, for school age, standard paper puzzles with many details are suitable.
Pyramid. Such a toy develops not only motor skills, but also logic. After all, the rings of the pyramid must be folded from largest to smallest.
Constructor. For older children, a designer with small details is suitable. Such a toy trains the development of motor skills, logic, perseverance and many other skills.

If you understand, then any housework can turn into the development of fine motor skills for your child. You can train little fingers and grasping movements in all sorts of ways, the main thing is to show a little imagination. Engage in drawing, modeling, coloring with your child and in the future you will not have problems with the academic performance and development of your child.

Author of the publication: Leonid Guryev

The manual presents a system of remedial classes for the development of fine and general motor skills for young children. The material contained in the manual has a multifunctional character: it forms a phonetic and phonemic base; develops phrasal and coherent speech, speech motor skills, general and fine motor skills of fingers; promotes sensory development; activates the development of higher mental functions, cognitive activity; teaches to play with toys; forms the process of social adaptation in children.

Each exercise is a productive speech training that successfully develops children's speech activity in conditions of high emotional comfort. Classes are held with children of the third year of life. The purpose of the classes: the development of fine and general motor skills in children with speech disorders. Materials of various textures and various techniques are used. Work with children will be effective only if it is carried out systematically, taking into account the age characteristics of children and with constant maintenance of interest in classes.

For the convenience of the teacher, the exercises are presented in the form of a calendar weekly plan. Classes include a variety of game exercises conducted on the material of various lexical topics. The form of work can be different: with a whole group of children, with small subgroups (3-4 children) and individually with each child.

Practice shows that a good result is achieved when, during the development of each lexical topic, the relationship between the work of the defectologist teacher and the educator is ensured.

This manual will help the development of fine and general motor skills, as well as speech in young children, to expand their horizons.

SEPTEMBER

Classes start from the 3rd week.

1st and 2nd weeks - diagnostics;

3rd week:

1. "Smoothing crumpled paper lumps from colored paper." Target

2. "Find and put next to the same." Target: develop correlative actions, coordination of both hands, emotional attitude to the result of their activities.

3. "Beads for mom." Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers. Guidelines : Draw a circle or a smooth line (string for beads) on a piece of paper. Let the baby dip his fingers in gouache of different colors: one finger in red paint, the other in yellow, the third in green. Alternately applying the fingers of the right and left hands to the paper where the "thread" is drawn, the baby will give you beautiful multi-colored beads.

4. "We'll stomp our feet." Target

"Let's stomp our feet, ( stomp)

Let's clap our hands. ( clap)

Our fingers, make movements pointing

Like bunnies. fingers up and down)

Our pens are birds:

Sparrows, titmouse. ( make diverging "lanterns")

They flew to Matryosha, ( make flying movements with their hands, approaching the toy)

They sat down at Matryosha. ( sit down, put your hands on your knees)

Ate grains, ("peck" on the knees)

The song was sung.

4th week:

1. "Rolling on the table, between the palms of pencils, balls, dry berries, nuts." Target: develop fine motor skills.

2. "Tearing the paper (by pinching off the sheet)". Target: develop fine motor skills of the fingers.

3. "Funny frogs". Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers. Guidelines : frogs and flowers are drawn on the picture. You need to show the child how to help the frog jump from flower to flower: he “jumps” with all five fingers of his right hand over the flowers at the same time as the pronunciation of the poem:

Jump-jump, jump-jump,
I'm from flower to flower
I am a funny frog
Your sweet friend.

4. "Two girlfriends." Target: develop general coordination of movements; learn to perform movements according to the text:

Two girlfriends in the swamp
Two green frogs
Washed early in the morning
Rubbed with a towel
They stamped their feet,
hands clapped,
Right, left leaning
And they returned back.

OCTOBER

Topic: "Vegetables fruits"

1st week:

1. "In the garden at Fedora." Target: to activate active and passive movements of the fingers, to form a positive attitude towards classes with an adult.

In Fedora's garden
Growing tomatoes in the garden
And in the garden near Filat
Lots of salads.
Grandma Fekla
Four beds of beets.
Uncle Boris's
There are a lot of radishes.
Masha and Antoshka
Two beds of potatoes.
One, two, three, four, five
Let's help harvest!

(alternately bend fingers)

2. "Plasticine salad" - modeling of multi-colored balls (red - "tomatoes", green "sausages" - "onions"). Target: learn to roll balls and "sausages" between the palms, develop the ability to cut off small pieces in a stack from a large piece of plasticine; to form coordination of movements; to develop the ability to regulate the force of pressing the stack, to hold the stack correctly; develop imagination.

This is a green onion - I picked it ...
This tomato fell into my hands.
We cut quickly -
Onion - pieces
A tomato - round rings.

3. "Laying out the path in the garden, garden" (laying out of counting sticks). Target: develop fine motor skills of the fingers; develop the ability to navigate on a sheet of paper (up, down); activate the dictionary: "track", "palm".

It's hard for me to keep a finger
Right down the track
That's how he wants
Hide in your palm.
I threaten him, I threaten him
I shame him, I shame him
The finger is ashamed
I took and learned.
(B. Zakhoder)

4. "Walk". Target: develop general coordination of movements; perform movements according to the text.

One-two-three, one-two-three

We went along the path, march step)

We're running down the track
Changing legs frequently jumps)
They jumped, they jumped
And then, like a stork, they stood up.
Here we saw bumps,
We jumped over them. ( jumping
burning forward)
A stream flows ahead
Come quickly! ( walking on toes)
Let's put our hands to the sides,
We will cross it
And then we ran.

2nd week

"Gathering berries" (Montessori home school). Target: develop fine motor skills, learn to highlight red, green color according to the model, according to the word. Guidelines :

Pull the rope, hang the unbent paper clips.
Give the child the opportunity to blind (roll up) red and green balls ("cherries" and "gooseberries") on their own.
Prick "berries" into "twigs" (for an adult).
Pick "berries" one by one with three fingers of the right hand. Hold the paperclip with your left hand.
Put the plucked "berries" into a basket (children perform as shown by an adult).

"I take off the berries from the branches." Target: develop fine motor skills, perform actions in accordance with the content of the poem:

I take berries from the branches

And I collect in a basket.
Berries - a full basket!
I'll try a little.
I'll eat a little more
It will be easier to get home.
I'll eat more raspberries
How many berries are in the basket?
One, two, three, four, five…
I will collect again.
(I. Lapukhina)

"I walked around the garden." Target: to form the ability to perform a task according to the model, to develop the ability to navigate on a plane and locate objects; activate the dictionary: "basket", "apples", "plums", "walked", "gathered". Guidelines : material- a basket cut out of cardboard along the contour, 5 small blue ovals ("plums"), 5 large red circles ("apples"). Invite the child to put the fruits in the basket on their own.

I walked in the garden
And collected in a basket
apples and plums,
It came out so beautiful!

"Apples". Target: develop general coordination of movements.

The branches on the apple tree hung from sadness,
(raise your arms up, hands down)

Apples hung on branches and missed.
(shake the lowered brushes)

Girls and boys shook the branches,
(shake hands up)

Apples clattered loudly on the ground.
(raise and lower your arms bent at the elbows, palms straightened, fingers connected and tense).

3rd week:

"Cooking salad with mom." Target: develop tactile perception (smooth tomato, rough cucumber); enrich the child's active and passive vocabulary: "cucumber", "tomato"; "salad", "rough", "smooth", "cut", "cook".

Material: vegetables (tomato, cucumber), a box with holes on the sides for the right and left hands.

The complication of the task is aimed at teaching the child to complete tasks according to the instructions ("Find and arrange the vegetables in this order: rough cucumber, smooth tomato, etc.") You can offer for the game: natural vegetables, dummies, toys, pictures of vegetables.

"Look who's hiding in the ball?" – smoothing

crumpled lumps of paper (fruits and vegetables crumpled into balls). Target: develop fine motor skills of the fingers.

"Who will pick more beans?" - collect the beans in a bottle with a wide and narrow neck. Screw caps on bottles. Target: develop fine motor skills of the fingers.

"We are autumn leaves." Target: develop general coordination of movements, perform movements in accordance with the text:

We are autumn leaves

we are sitting on branches.
The wind blew - flew
and sat quietly on the ground.
The wind came up again
and picked up all the leaves.
Twirled, flew
and sat quietly on the ground.

4th week:

1. "Cook compote". Target: develop fine motor skills, coordination of movements.

Material: knife, soft wire, any fruit, thick cardboard circles (colored) with a hole in the middle.

Methodological recommendations: cut an apple, pear, plum into thin rings and ask them to be strung on a wire (for drying). Then you can replace the fruit with circles cut out of cardboard (blue - "plums", red - "apples", yellow - "pears").

2. "Wonderful bag" - identify vegetables and fruits by touch. Target: develop exploratory activities by taking out objects by touch (from the bag).

3. "Find a soul mate" - split pictures. Target: learn to highlight parts of an object and combine them into a whole, develop visual orientation, fine motor skills.

4. "For a walk." Target: develop general coordination of movements.

In the autumn forest for a walk
I invite you to go.
Become friend after friend
Take hold of your hands firmly.
Autumn leaves swirl quietly
Leaves lie quietly under our feet
And rustling underfoot - rustling,
As if they want to spin again
Sh-sh-sh-sh...

(children spin, kneel, move their hands on the floor, shake their hands to the right - to the left).

NOVEMBER

Theme: "Clothes".

1st week:

Target:

Material: a bowl of water, pieces of soap - "ball", "brick";

clothes, clothespins, rope.

We erase, we erase
We wash clothes.
Rinse, rinse,
We rinse the linen.

2. "Three Katyushki" - a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills.

Three Katyushki
Got three coils.
One coil, two coils, three coils.
Shura sewed a sundress,
They sewed a caftan for grandfather,
We sewed socks for my grandmother,
And girls and boys -
To all Andryushkas and Natashas
Sew bright pants
Sewed colorful shirts.
(children alternately bend their fingers)
A.Stroylo

3. "Guests". Target: develop general coordination of movements.

Doll Masha heard -
(jumps)
She ran first.
Here are the roosters walking -
(high knee walking)
Golden combs.
And nesting dolls
(stomping step)
baby dolls,
They clapped their hands
They stomped their feet.
And funny Parsley
Picked up rattles
Rattles raised up
They danced very merrily.

2nd week:

1. "Pull out the ribbon." Target: develop fine motor skills.

Material: jar with holes made in the lid, ribbons in four colors (blue, yellow, green and red).

2. "Let's dress Manya for a walk." Target: strengthen the muscles of the index finger, develop rhythm and coordination of movements, form the eye-hand connection.

Material: cardboard contour stencil (hat, mittens); plasticine (multi-colored), a picture with a winter landscape and a doll cut out of paper.

Methodological recommendations: look at the picture, pay attention that the doll's hands are bare, there is no hat on the head. Give the child a stencil of hats and mittens, offer to smear the plasticine inside the stencil. Admire your creativity and let the child dress on the doll.

3. "Lacing" - learn to put the lace into the hole. Target: learn to thread a lace into a hole according to imitation, a pattern; to develop purposefulness of actions and fine motor skills of fingers.

4. "Flowers have grown." Target

One, two, three - flowers have grown
(get up slowly from a sitting position)

(put your hands up and stretch)
The flowers are warm and good!
(wiggle one's face with one's hands)

3rd and 4th weeks:

1. "Funny girlfriends". Target: develop fine motor skills.

I-th option.

Material: "ladder" of buttons sewn to the fabric.

Together up the stairs
We are going with a friend.

We are not too lazy to rise,
On the steps, on the steps
We can jump all day long!

II variant.

Material: the picture shows a ladder (steps), two girls are girlfriends.

Methodical recommendations: you need to help the girlfriends climb the stairs. "Step the fingers of your right hand up the ladder: thumb and index finger, index finger and middle finger, middle finger and ring finger, ring finger and little finger, thumb and little finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and middle finger.

2. "Polka dot dress". Target: to form visual-motor coordination. To develop in the child a visual orientation to the shape of the object. Learn to grab small objects (circles of different colors) and lay them out on a stencil (dresses). Develop finger dexterity.

Material: dress stencil for big doll, dress stencil for small doll, mugs big and small.

3. "Button your clothes" - with buttons, Velcro, zippers. Target: learn to fasten buttons, Velcro, zippers; develop small hand movements. Develop flexion and extension movements of the hands.

4. "We are jumping on the track." Target: develop coordination of general movements.

We're running down the track
Changing legs frequently
(jumps)
They jumped, they jumped
And then, like a stork, they got up,
Come take a look
That is no longer a stork - a bird,
That frog is a frog
(sit down, put your hands on your knees)
Kwa-kva-kva girlfriends scream.
Skok-skok-skok
I jumped as far as I could.

DECEMBER

Theme: "Winter. House".

1st week:

Target

Material: "winter" picture depicting children playing.

One, two, three, four, five
(in turn unbend fingers clenched into a fist)
We are going to walk.
(show spread fingers of right hand)
Katya's sleigh is lucky
(swipe with index and middle fingers
right hand on the table)
From porch to gate
And Seryozha on the track
(folded fingers "pinch", do throw-
moving movements)
Throws crumbs to pigeons.
Girls and boys
They bounce like balls.
(wave your right and left hands)

2. "Christmas tree". Target: teach children to sculpt round objects by rolling balls in a circular motion with their palms. To form control over muscle sensations; work out the rhythm in performing actions (strong - weak pressure with the index finger on the ball).

Material: plasticine of different colors, Christmas tree stencil made of green cardboard.

Guidelines: 1. Offer to make beautiful balls for the Christmas tree (roll small multi-colored balls from plasticine). 2. Put the ball on the Christmas tree (on a twig) and press it with your finger - the ball will flatten out and you will get a "Christmas ball"

Let's decorate the Christmas tree
Beautiful balls.
Let the tree sparkle
Merry lights!

3. Laying out "The Christmas tree has come from the forest." Target: improve fine motor skills of fingers; develop visual attention and spatial orientation, activate the vocabulary: "tree", "needles", "paws".

I-th option: laying out the contour of the Christmas tree from the counting sticks according to the picture offered to the child.

II-nd option: laying out of triangles (small, medium, large) the contour of the Christmas tree.

herringbone green
grew up in the forest.
Christmas tree for a holiday
I bring home.
Like our Christmas tree
prickly needles,
Branches - paws are called,
kids are surprised!

4. "Bunny". Target

Jump - jump, jump - jump,
It's cold for a hare to sit
You need to warm up your paws
Paws up, paws down
Pull up on your toes
We put our paws on the side,
On toes, jump - jump,
And then squatting
So that the paws do not freeze.

2nd week:

1. Finger game "Finger - boy". Target: to develop fine motor skills (the ability to put the fingers of the right and left hands in turn), the ability to reproduce movements in accordance with the text.

Finger - boy, where have you been?
Where did you go with your brothers?
(the fingers of the left hand are clenched into a fist, straighten and bend the thumb)
With this - I rolled in the snow,
With this - I rode down the hill,
With this - I walked in the park,
With this - I played snowballs.
(alternately bend fingers, starting with the index)
We are all fingers - friends,
Where are they,
There I am!

(squeeze and unclench fingers; show 4 fingers, pressing the thumb to the palm).

2. "We make ski poles for Vanya." Target: to form the child's ability to use plasticine correctly - roll out sticks; develop coordination of the right and left hands; develop the ability to perform actions rhythmically.

Material: plasticine, picture with a winter landscape. The picture shows a boy Vanya standing on a hill (on skis, but without ski poles).

Guidelines: 1. Offer to make ski poles for Vanya (roll out the poles). 2. At the bottom, attach a circle of cardboard - you get a "ski pole". Offer to make the second "stick" yourself. 3. Put the "sticks" on the drawing and press down in several places with your index finger. "Now Vanya will be able to slide down the hill and not fall!"

Oh, frost in the yard,
He's not scary kids
Vanya took skis at home
And ran up the hill.
But something is not rolling
It does not work…
I forgot my ski poles
Who would get them for him?

3. Laying out of sticks "Sled". Target: improve fine motor skills of fingers; develop visual attention and spatial orientation.

Sledges fly from the hills in winter,

The guys in the sled laugh and squeal.

4. "Snowflakes". Target: develop coordination of general movements.

Oh, fly, fly snowflakes,
White fluffs.
(alternately raise and lower hands)
It's winter - winter
She moved her sleeves.
(turn to the right, stretching the right hand to the side; repeat the same to the left)
All the snowflakes swirled
And dropped to the ground.
The stars began to spin
They began to lie down on the ground.
No, not stars, but fluffs,
Not fluff, but snowflakes.
(circle, arms to the sides; squat; performing the exercise, you need to monitor the correct posture all the time)

3rd week:

Target

One, two, three, four, five,
(unclench fingers from the fist one at a time, starting with
big)
The fingers went out for a walk.
(rhythmically unclench all fingers together)
One, two, three, four, five,
(squeeze in turn, widely spaced fingers into a fist, starting with the little finger)
They hid in the house again.
(rhythmically squeeze all fingers together)

2. "What kind of tower is this?" Target: develop fine motor skills; coordination of movements; to form purposefulness of actions and stability of attention.

Material: a pyramid with an even rod and three rings of the same size; pyramid with five rings, but different in size.

What kind of teremok is this?
Smoke coming out of the chimney...

(invite the child to string the rings on the rod (show how to hold the pyramid))

Complication: pyramid of 5 rings.

"Look how beautiful the teremok turned out, smoke is coming from the chimney."

3. "Lay out a house of colored geometric shapes." Target: fix attention on the fact that color and shape can be used to depict a variety of objects; learn to make simple objects from geometric shapes - a house with a window. Develop finer differentiation, the ability not to be distracted from the task at hand; improve motor skills of fingers, coordination of hand movements.

Material: geometric shapes of different colors and sizes.

"The house is big, the house is small." Target: develop coordination of general movements.

The bear has a big house
Oh oh oh!
(spread hands through sides - up)
And the hare has a small one,
Ah ah ah!
(mournfully; squat, exhale, lower the go-
catch, cover the knee with hands)
Our bear went home
(goes into disarray)
Oh oh oh!
Yes, and the baby is a hare,
Ah ah ah!
(jump on two legs)

4-I week:

1. Finger game - "Castle". Target

There is a lock on the door
(rhythmic quick connections of the fingers of two hands into the lock)
Who could open it?
pulled
(fingers are clasped in the lock, hands stretch in different directions)
Twisted
(movement with clasped fingers away from you, towards yourself)
knocked,
(fingers clasped, bases of palms tapping against each other)

And they opened it!
(fingers open, palms out)

2. "This is a house" - laying out a one-story house with a window, a door, an antenna from sticks. Target: to learn to act according to the idea; continue to form more subtle differentiations in the implementation of selection, correlation; learn to assemble a house according to a graphic image (drawing); develop coordinated hand movements and fine fingertip movements.

Material: counting sticks, a picture of a house and a layout diagram.

Complication: when laying out, take into account the color of the object, according to the model, offer to lay out the cat.

I am building a house in the universe.
It has a roof and an antenna.
There is a door in it, and there is a window -
Let our cat live in it!

3. "Who lives in the house?". Target: develop tactile sensations; learn to perceive distance; show that the result of actions depends on it, pay attention to the direction of movement of the hand in space and independently choose this direction; develop fine motor skills; activate the dictionary: "bear - teddy bear", "squirrel - squirrel", "fox - fox cub", "big - small".

Material: a house, the windows open, cards are inserted inside, on which animals are drawn.

4. "Cat's House" - Russian folk amusement. Target: develop general coordination of movements.

Boom-boom, boom-boom!
(vigorously raise and lower hands clenched into fists)
Cat's house caught fire!
(gradually raise their hands up and lower them, describing a circle in the air and quickly fingering)
The cat jumped out
(grab your head with your hands and shake your head)
Eyes popped out
(put "glasses" from the thumbs and forefingers to the eyes)
I ran to the oak
(run after each other, alternately putting forward "paws - scratches")
Bit her lip
(stop, bite lip with upper teeth)
A chicken runs with a bucket
Fills the Cat's house,
(spread hands clenched into fists to the sides and run on toes)
And the dog - with a broom,
(lean forward, one hand on the belt, the other, as it were, sweeps the ground)
And the horse - with a lantern,
(raise hand clenched into a fist up)
Gray hare - with a leaf.
(with both palms, swing away from yourself)
One time! One time!
And the fire went out!
(raise your hands up, palms open down; for each syllable, gradually lower them jerkily)

JANUARY

Theme: "Domestic and wild animals".

1st week:

1. Finger game "Goat and kid". Target

There is a horned goat
(index finger and little finger - up, press the rest to the palm, with the bent thumb on top)
There is a rich goat.
(index and ring fingers - up, the rest are pressed to the palm)
The kid hurries to her,
The bell rings.
(fingers connected in a pinch, lowered down)

2. "Wonderful bag" - determine by touch. Target: develop exploratory actions by taking out objects by touch (from the bag).

Material: drawstring bag, toys of domestic and wild animals from different materials.

3. "Dance of animals in the forest". Target: develop fine motor skills, coordination of movements.

Material: figurines of animals (hare, bear, fox) cut out of colored cardboard, from shampoo bottles; string for stringing.

Shadow - shadow, sweat,
Above the city is a wattle fence.
The animals sat under the wattle fence,
Boasted all day.
The fox boasted:
- I am beautiful to the whole world!
Bunny boasted:
- Come on, catch up!
The bear boasted:
- I can sing songs!

4. Dynamic exercise "Cubs". Target

Bear cubs lived in more often,
They turned their heads.
Bear cubs looking for honey
Friendly tree rocked:
Like this and like this
They shook the tree together.
Waddled
And they drank water from the river.
And then they danced
Together they raised their paws:
Like this, like this
Together they raised their paws.

2nd week:

1. a) "Cat and dogs" - a finger game. Target

The cat stepped forward
(the index and little fingers of the right hand are bent at the top, the remaining fingers are pressed to the palm, and the thumb is bent on top)
He comes to us, plays with his tail.
(Left palm waving at the base of the right hand)
Towards her from the gate
(thumbs of both hands up, the inside of the palms towards you, the rest of the fingers are in a horizontal position together, the tips of the middle fingers touch)
Two dogs run out.

b) "Dog" - the execution of figurines from the fingers. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers, learn to perform exercises (involving all fingers) with both right and left hands; to form a positive emotional attitude to classes with adults.

The dog has a pointed nose
There is a neck, and there is a tail.

Methodical recommendations: the adult performs first, then the child follows the imitation. Right palm on the rib, on yourself; thumb up; index, middle and nameless - together; the little finger alternately lowers and rises.

2. "Footprints in the forest" - drawing with a finger. Target: create conditions for experimenting with paints; introduce children to the technique of drawing with fingers; learn to gently dip fingers (thumb, index, little finger) alternately in paint and leave marks on paper; cultivate accuracy.

Material: paper, paint, toys: bear, hare, squirrel; basin with water, napkins.

3. "Hedgehog" - a game with counting sticks. Target: learn to lay out a "hedgehog" from counting sticks; develop fine motor skills of fingers, attention, imagination, fantasy.

Material: hedgehog toy, counting sticks, stick hedgehog picture:

Puffing, dragging a fungus home
Agile little animal.
No head, no legs, -
Of course it's a hedgehog!

4. Dynamic exercise "Kittens". Target: develop general coordination of movements; learn to perform movements in accordance with the text:

Like our cat
Guys grew up
Guys grew up
Fluffy kittens.
The backs are arched
They play with the tail.
And on their paws
sharp scratches,
long mustache,
Green eyes.

(children imitate the actions of kittens: hunch their backs and hiss; kneel, stretch their arms forward and move their fingers, clench and unclench their fists)

They love to wash
Scratch the ears with a paw
And lick your tummy.
Lie down on the barrel

(imitate washing, scratch behind the ears, "lick" the tummy, bend the back)

And curled up in a ball
And then bent back
They ran out of the basket.

(scatter, run for 30 seconds).

3rd and 4th week:

1. a) "Mouse" - an exercise with fingers. Target: develop fine motor skills of hands.

Little mouse in a hole
Quietly nibbled the crust of bread.
(scratch your nails on the table, on your knees)
"Crunch, crunch!" -
What's that noise?
(clench fingers into fists and unclench them)
This is a mouse in a hole
Bread eats crusts
(rub palms together).

b) "Claws" - a finger game. Target

sharpens cat's claws
(fingers straighten and clenched into fists)
I'm sitting on the window.
Oh what are they
Cats are sharp!
Oh, what are her
Little paws!
(stroke palms together)
In these paws for the time being
Drowsy tsap-scratches.
(squeeze fingers into fists, turn fists to the right - to the left).
V.Kudryavtsev, V.Egorov

2. "Mouse in a mink, hid from a cat." Target: learn to tear paper with your fingers into small pieces; build a “mink” for a mouse from pieces of paper, filling the mouse with pieces of paper; develop fantasy.

Material: thin colored paper, toy (mouse, cat).

3. a) "Let's lay a path of pebbles" - modeling. Target: to arouse interest in the simplest actions with materials suitable for modeling; learn to pinch off small pieces from the main piece with your fingers and press them into the surface of the modeling board.

Material : toy mouse, plasticine.

b) "We sprinkle the paths" - an exercise-game (Montessori home school). Target: teach children to sprinkle sand (groats) with three fingers; develop fine motor skills of the fingers.

Material: a beautiful deep saucer with clean sand, millet, rice, strips of paper.

Methodological recommendations: to offer to sprinkle with "sand" (millet, rice) a path on the table 3-5 cm wide; limit it to strips of paper. The path can go from one house made of matches to another. Pour sand with three fingers (fold them with a "pinch"), without going beyond the edges of the track.

4. a) "Mouse" - laying out of sticks. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Little mouse in a hole
Quietly nibbled the crust of bread.
"Crump, crump" -
What's that noise?
This is a mouse in a hole
Bread eats crusts.

b) "Mice" - an exercise with fingers. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Material: the picture shows: the cat is hiding, the mice are running away along the path (path of circles):

index, middle, nameless (middle in the center);
middle, nameless, little finger (in the center of the nameless);
large, index, medium (in the center of the index).

dynamic exercise.

a) "Squirrels". Target

Red-haired squirrels jump on the branches,
(movements according to the text)
Fluffy ponytails flicker here and there.
Little squirrels froze in the snow.
How to warm their paws in a winter blizzard?
The paw hits the paw,
Warms up quickly.
Jump and jump, jump and jump
And we'll curl up in a ball.

b) "Bear clubfoot". Target

bear clumsy
walks through the forest.
(children waddle from foot to foot)
collects cones,
(squat, pretending to collect cones)
sings songs.
The bump bounced
right on Mishka's forehead,
(touch forehead with hand)
Teddy bear got angry
and foot top!
(stomp foot)

Theme: "Birds".

1st week:

1. "Bird" - an exercise with fingers. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

birdie, birdie,
You have some water on you.
(call the bird, waving the brush of one hand towards you,
fold the other hand into a cup)
Jump off the branch to me
I will give you grains.
(pour food with one hand on the palm of the other)
Key-key-key...
(knock index fingers on the table, knees
in different rhythms).

2. "Look who's hiding in the ball?" - smoothing sheets of paper crumpled into balls with the contours of birds depicted on them. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

3. "Swan Lake" - drawing with palms. Target: create conditions for experimenting with paints, introduce non-traditional drawing techniques - palms; learn how to make hand prints.

Material: large format blue sheet, white gouache, a basin of water, napkins.

A swan floats along the river,
Above the bank carries a head.
Waving a white feather
She shakes off some water on the flowers.

4. "Sparrows" - a dynamic exercise. Target

Birds sit in nests
And they look out into the street.
They want to take a walk
And quietly fly
flew, flew
And perched on branches.
The feathers have been cleaned
Shake off the tail.
They flew again.
Sat on the path
Jumping, chirping,
The grains peck.

(children, squatting, turn their heads, get up, run, waving their arms to the right and left; the pace is average; sit on chairs, rub their shoulders with their hands, twist their asses, “fly” (run) again, squat down, turn their heads right - left, imitate the actions of the chicks).

2nd week:

1. "Birds" - a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

The birds have flown
(bend the thumb to a horizontal position, connect the rest of the closed straight fingers from above)
They waved their wings.
(wave palms with fingers wide open)
sat on the trees,
(hands up, all fingers spread wide)
They rested together.
(bend the thumb to a horizontal position, attach the rest of the closed straight fingers from above)

2. "Treat for the birds." Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Material: pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, large sheet of paper, plasticine, birds, feeder.

3. "Bird" - modeling. Target: cause a desire to fashion a small bird, rolling up balls, laying one on top of the other, eyes - peas; learn to pinch with your fingers, making a beak and tail.

Material: plasticine, toys, natural material - peas.

4. "Hands raised ..." - a dynamic exercise. Target: develop general coordination of movements, learn to perform movements in accordance with the text:

Hands raised and shook -
These are the trees in the forest
Hands bent, brushes shaken -
The wind knocks down the dew.
To the sides of the hand, gently wave -
The birds are flying towards us.
We will also show how they sit down,
Wings folded back.

3rd week:

1. "Magpie" - a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

magpie, magpie,
Where was? Long away.
(the child runs the index finger of one hand over the palm of the other)
cooked porridge,
Feeding children:
She gave porridge to this one,
This is kiselka,
(bend with one hand on one finger of the other hand)
This is sour cream
This is candy
But she didn't give it:
"You didn't chop wood,
(threaten with the index finger of both hands)
Didn't carry water
Didn't cook porridge.

2. "Heron" - laying out from sticks. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Standing on one leg
Everyone is looking at the frogs.
On one leg all day
She is not too lazy to stand.

3. "Birdhouse" (I option)

"Chicks in the nest" (II option) - making figurines from fingers. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers; learn to perform the exercise with both the right and left hands (involving all fingers), form a positive emotional mood.

The starling lives in the birdhouse
And sings a loud song.
(palms are vertically placed to each other; the little fingers are pressed like a "boat", and the thumbs are bent inward).

II option:

The bird flaps its wings
And flies to his nest.
He will tell his chicks
Where did she get the grain.
(grasp all the fingers of the right hand with the left palm and move them).

4. "Grey geese flew" - a dynamic exercise. Target: develop general coordination of movements, learn to perform movements in accordance with the text:

Gray geese flew
They sat quietly on the lawn.
They walked, pecked,
Then they quickly ran.

4th week:

1. "There was a crow across the field" - a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

A crow walked across the field
(index and middle fingers move on the table)
She carried six mushrooms in her hem:
(count fingers and straighten them one at a time)
Russula, boletus, sub-axis-no-vik.
(raise the little finger, nameless, middle from the fist)
Milk mushroom, mushroom, champignon.
(index, large, index)
Who has not seen -
(cover face with palms)
Get out!
(pointing to pointing)

2. "Cut pictures" - assemble a picture of a bird from three parts. Target: learn to make a whole (bird) from three parts; develop imagination, memory.

Material : the bird in the picture; a bird consisting of 3 parts (head, body, legs).

3. "This is a bird - trace and draw" - a stroke of a stencil made of thick cardboard or a stencil of a bird made of plastic. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers; to teach to perceive an object with the help of a circling movement, to use the resulting image (birds) in visual activity.

Material: pencil, felt-tip pen, stencil made of cardboard or plastic bird silhouette.

4. "Bird house" - laying out a house from geometric shapes. Target: note that color and shape can be used to depict a variety of objects; learn to make a bird house out of geometric shapes; develop motor skills of fingers, coordination of hand movements.

Material: geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle), card with the image of a house of geometric shapes.

5. a) "Birds" - a dynamic exercise. Target: develop general coordination of movements, learn to perform movements in accordance with the text:

The birds were flying
They played with the kids.
(run around in a circle on tiptoes, waving their hands)
Wings flapped,
(wave hands with fingers wide open)
They sat on the trees.
(hands on shoulders)

b) "Chicken":

The hen went out for a walk
Pinch fresh grass
(walk on toes, arms down, hands holding
perpendicular to body)
And behind her the guys -
Yellow chickens.
(easy run, arms bent to shoulders)
T. Volgina

MARCH

Topic: " Transport".

1st week:

1. "Transport". Target: develop fine motor skills; learn to perform finger movements (bend in turn) in accordance with the text:

We are with the first finger - baby
Let's walk to the tram depot.
With another - we'll go by tram,
Singing songs softly.
And with the third - we will sit in a taxi,
Please take us to the store!
With a fourth finger in a rocket
We will fly to another planet.
Get on the fifth plane
Let's fly with you.

2. "What's with who?" - smoothing out crumpled balls of sheets of paper with images of a bus, car. Target: develop fine motor skills of hands.

3. "Wheels for the car" - modeling (rolling, pressing). Target: learn to roll plasticine balls, press the ball with your index finger, attaching it to the base in a certain place; develop fine motor skills, form interest in work, fix the color of the object.

Material: plasticine, car stencil without wheels made of cardboard.

4. "Machine". Target

Bi-bi-bi
The car is humming.
(children rhythmically tap the fist of one hand on the palm of the other)
Knock-Knock -
The motor is knocking.
(clap hands rhythmically)
We're going, we're going, we're going, we're going,
(rhythmically stomp their feet)
He speaks so loudly.
Tires rubbing against the road
Shu-shu-shu-
They rustle.
(rubbing palms)
The wheels are spinning fast
Ta-ta-ta-
They rush forward.
(make a rhythmic "turntable" with your hands)

2nd week:

1. "How are you?" - finger game Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

How is it going?
- Like this!
(clench fist, thumbs up)
Do you swim?
- Like this!
(hands apart)
How do you run?
- Like this!
(arms bent at the elbows)
Are you looking into the distance?
- Like this!
(put palm to forehead)
Looking forward to lunch?
- Like this!
(arm bent at the elbow and fist under the cheek)
Are you following?
- Like this!
(waving hand)
Do you sleep in the morning?
- Like this!
Are you kidding?
- Like this!
(rubbing palms on cheeks)

2. "Funny bus". Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Material: a picture with a painted bus and a winding path.

Guidelines: invite the child to help get to the kindergarten, at home: "Walk with the fingers of the right and left hands. Each finger has its own path: thumb and index, index and middle, middle and ring, ring and little finger, thumb and little finger, thumb and ring finger , large and medium.

Let's go, let's go in the morning
We're taking the kids to kindergarten.
We're going down a crooked path
The kids are looking out the windows.

3. "Let's make a car out of sticks." Target: to learn to act according to the idea; learn to assemble a car according to its graphic image (drawing); develop coordinated hand movements and fine fingertip movements.

Material: colored sticks, subject pictures depicting a car and a scheme for laying out with sticks, mugs for wheels.

The car rushes through the streets
Dust swirls from under the wheels.

4. "Airplane". Target: develop general coordination of movements, learn to perform movements in accordance with the text:

The plane is flying high, high
It's hard for him to land!
The pilot makes a circle around the circle ...
(children run easily on toes, arms to the sides)
He is a plane and a comrade, and a friend!
The plane landed on the runway
(squat, hands to the sides)
Ran forward -
and completed the flight.
The doors opened, under the ladder the earth,
And passengers are met by friends!
O. Aspisova.

3rd week:

"Who has arrived?" - finger game Target

Who has arrived?
(both palms up, each finger touching the other finger)
- We, we, we!
(palms open only fingers, at the bottom of the palms
connected)
- Mom, mom, is that you?
(thumb bent to the side)
- Yes Yes Yes!
- Dad, dad, is that you?
(index finger bent to the side)
- Yes Yes Yes!
- Brother, brother, is that you?
(bend middle finger)
- Yes Yes Yes!
- Oh, sister, is that you?
(bend the ring finger)
- Yes Yes Yes!
- We are all together
- Yes Yes Yes!
(open palms)

2. "The road for the car" - drawing with a brush. Target: exercise in drawing long straight horizontal lines; develop fine motor skills, accuracy and the desire to draw.

Material: sheets with the image of cars of different colors, gouache according to the color of cars, brushes, toys - cars.

Cars are coming

tires rustle.

Wait a little

here is the road...

And the sticks are long

machine traces.

We have different cars.

both yellow and red.

Cars after cars

rustle their tires.

3. "Truck" - stroke the stencil of the car. Target: to learn to perceive an object with the help of a circling movement; understand that circling movements outline the contour of the subject; develop fine motor skills.

Material: machine template for outlining.

Methodological recommendations: first consider the pattern, teach to see the whole object in the pattern. If the child finds it difficult to correlate the template with the picture, then it is necessary to help outline the outline of the object with the index finger (according to the template); then the child traces the outline with a pencil according to the template together with the adult, and finally the child acts independently.

4. "Airplane" (A. Barto). Target: develop general coordination of movements.

Let's build the plane ourselves
(spread arms - "wings" to the sides)
Let's fly over the forests
(waving their hands up and down, slightly tilting their
trap right - left)
Let's fly over the forests
(running on toes, arms to the sides)
And then back to mom.
(squat on one knee, straight arms to the sides)

4th week:

1. "Sasha walked along the highway" - a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Sasha walked along the highway,
(index and middle "walk" on the table)
Carry dryers in a bag.
(thumb and forefinger connect: do
"drying" on both hands)
Drying - Grisha,
(one "drying" is, as it were, put on the other hand, that is
thumb)
Drying - Misha,
(put on index finger)
There are drying Proshe,
(put on middle finger)
Vanyusha, Antosha.
(on the ring finger, on the little finger)
Two more drying Nyusha
(change hands, put on the thumb)
And Petrushka
Three more drying Pasha,
(we put on the index, middle)
Tanyushka, Vanyushka.
(nameless, little finger)

2. "Collect the wheels for the car" - a stringing game. Target: develop fine motor skills, coordination of movements.

Material: 4 buttons - "wheels" (two large, two smaller) of different colors, 2 painted cars of different sizes with pushpins glued in place of the wheels.

Guidelines: ask the child to pin the same number of wheels (2 wheels) on the button as shown in the figure (two large wheels for a large car, two small wheels for a small car). Complication: in three years to introduce the concept of "smaller".

3. "Airplane" - modeling. Target: learn to roll out plasticine in length, make an airplane out of ready-made sticks, play with it, imitating the sound of a flying airplane: "rrrr"; develop fine motor skills.

Material: plasticine, a toy - an airplane for viewing, a napkin.

4. "A plane flies by." Target: develop general coordination of movements; perform movements in accordance with the text:

an airplane is flying,
I took off with him.
(children look up and move their fingers as if for
flying plane)
He took the right wing away - looked!
He took the left wing away - looked.
(take their hands away alternately and follow with their eyes)
I start the engine
And I look closely.
I rise up - I fly,
I don't want to return.
(get up on your toes and perform flying movements)

APRIL

Topic: "Furniture, dishes."

1st week:

1. "Hello, finger!" - a game. Target: learn to connect the fingers of both hands, put your finger in the indicated place.

Materials: chair, table, sheet of blank paper, pencils.

Guidelines: 1. An adult shows: the elbows are on the table, the lower parts of the palms are closed, the fingers greet, starting with the little finger. Then the palms greet. After the show, the child performs independently. 2. An adult circles the child's palm with a pencil, shows that his fingers turned out on paper. Invites the child to say hello to the painted fingers (attach their fingers to the image). 3. The fingers of a child "hello" with the fingers of an adult; at the end of the game the child makes a "lock".

2. "Let's make a bed out of sticks." Target: learn to assemble a bed according to a graphic image (drawing); develop coordinated hand movements and fine fingertip movements.

Material: colored sticks, subject picture with the image of a bed, laying out scheme.

We put a bed in the bedroom
And we will sleep on it sweetly.

3. "Geometric mosaic game" - laying out a bed and a chair. Target: learn to make a bed, a chair from a geometric mosaic; develop finer differentiation, improve finger motility, coordination of movements.

Material: geometric color mosaic.

4. "We walked around the room." Target: develop general coordination of movements; learn to perform movements in accordance with the text:

We walked around the room
And they held flags in their hands.
Top - top, again!
Our flags are bright.
We hide the flags behind the back
And, like bunnies, we will jump.
Jump - jump, again!
We don't have any more flags.
We looked at the flags
Wanted to spin.
Here, here, again!
Our flags are bright.
We sat down quietly
They barely knocked.
Knock, knock, again!
Our flags are bright.
(A. Anufrieva)

2nd week:

1. "Walk" - a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Let the fingers go for a walk
(the fingers of both hands are clenched into fists, the thumbs are lowered down and, as it were, move around the table in jumps)
And the second to catch up.
(rhythmic movements on the table with index fingers)
Third fingers run
(movements of the middle fingers at a fast pace)
And the fourth on foot
(slow movements of the ring fingers on the table)
Fifth finger jumped
(rhythmic touch of the table surface with both little fingers
And at the end of the road he fell.
(clapping both fists on the table)

2. "Let's make a stool out of sticks." Target: learn to assemble a stool according to a graphic image (drawing); develop coordinated hand movements and fine fingertip movements.

Material: colored sticks, a subject picture of a stool and a scheme for laying out with sticks.

Sitting on a stool at the table
And without it, our house is uncomfortable.

3. "Laying out the table, benches" - a game with geometric mosaics. Target: learn to make a table, a bench from a geometric mosaic; develop a pinched grip with the index and thumb; improve eye-hand movement. Material : geometric mosaic.

4. "Walking". Target: develop general coordination of movements.

We checked your posture
and brought the shoulder blades together
(pull shoulders back)
We walked on our toes
(walk on tiptoe)
we walk on our heels.
We go like all the guys
(to march)
and like a clumsy bear.
(roll along)

3rd week:

"Dishes" is a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

One two three four,
We washed the dishes
(alternately bend the fingers on the right hand)
Teapot, cup, ladle, spoon
And a big ladle.
We washed the dishes
We just broke a cup
Dipper too
fell apart
The teapot's nose broke off.
We broke the spoon a little -
So we helped mom!
N.Nishcheva

2. "Let's make a TV out of sticks." Target: learn to assemble a TV according to a graphic image (drawing); develop coordinated hand movements and fine fingertip movements.

Material: colored sticks, a subject picture with the image of a TV and a layout diagram.

It's boring without TV, friends,
And you can't watch TV for a long time.

3. "Collect the whole." Target: continue to refine the idea of objects; learn to identify parts and combine them into a whole; develop a visual orientation to the color of objects by comparison (this - not this); develop fine motor skills.

Material: subject pictures of dishes, subject pictures of dishes cut into two parts.

4. "Okay". Target: develop general coordination of movements.

almonds, almonds,
Baked pancakes,
("pancakes are baked", alternately clapping on top of one
palm on the other)
Put on the window
(stretch palms forward)
Left to cool.
Cool down, let's go
And we'll give it to the sparrows.
(alternately bring palms to mouth)
Sparrows sat down
(put hands on knees)
All the fritters have been eaten
(tap fingers)
Shoo, shoo - flew!
(raise their hands up, waving their hands, run)
Sat on the head!
(put hands on head)
(Russian folk amusement)

4th week:

1. "Whatever we want" - finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Anything we want
From the sand we will make
(clapping hands)
Sasha is making a bun
(fold your palms with a "ladle" and, as it were, sculpt a bun)
And Irinka is a teremok,
(connect straight palms above the head: "roof")
Lyuba sculpts different fish,
(press palms together and move them to the right - to the left)
Well, Vera is a white mushroom.
(Clench one hand into a fist and cover it from above with the palm of the other hand: "mushroom cap")

2. "Guess what is hidden in the lump?" - smoothing out crumpled paper wads. Target: develop fine motor skills.

Material: paper lumps with a contour image of dishes, furniture.

3. "Tea service" - drawing with paints. Target: fix the method of drawing points, strokes, lines, rings, etc. with a brush; learn to consistently use paint of two colors, place the pattern over the entire surface of the object; develop fine motor skills.

Material: tea set silhouettes (cups, teapot, saucers), brushes, gouache in two colors, samples of dishes.

Dolls dressed up in dresses
Dolls were invited to visit
They were given sweet tea
And fed rugs.

4. "Beautiful cup with peas" - tracing the stencil of the cup and sticking prepared colored circles on it. Target: to learn to perceive an object with the help of a circling movement and use the resulting image in the game; develop fine motor skills.

Material: pencils, felt-tip pen, paper or plastic stencil, colored mugs.

5. "Sun". Target: develop general coordination of movements.

This is how the sun rises
(slowly raise hands up)
Higher, higher, higher!
By night the sun will set
(lower hands slowly)
Down, down, down.
Good good
("lanterns")
The sun is laughing
And under the sun everyone
Have fun singing!
(clap hands)
The sun rose early in the morning,
(hands up)
Washed with cold water.
(make hand movements "wash")
The sun has trodden a hundred tracks!
(follow each other)
Why does the sun have so many legs?
G. Lagzdyn

MAY

Topic: "Plant world. Toys".

1st week:

1. "Flower" - a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

A tall flower grew in a clearing,
(arms upright, palms facing each other,
spread your fingers and slightly round them)
Opened the petals on a spring morning.
(spread fingers)
All petals beauty and nourishment
(rhythmic movements of fingers together - apart)
Together they give underground roots.
(palms down and press the back side to each other, fingers apart)

2. "Each leaf has its own place" - close the contours of the various leaves with the necessary leaves taken from the box. Target: select the contour of the leaf according to the sample and check it by trying on; continue to distinguish colors "such - not such"; introduce the names of the color of the leaves; learn to act in accordance with verbal instructions; continue to develop small hand movements, purposefulness of actions; create a positive emotional attitude to the task.

Material: cards with leaves of birch, poplar, maple, mountain ash, oak; separate leaves from these trees.

3. "Magic flower" - drawing. Target: continue to introduce non-traditional drawing techniques, learn to draw with the palm of your hand; develop imagination.

Material: pictures depicting fabulous decorative flowers, a basin of water, napkins, gouache.

A butterfly is circling over a flower bed,
Where to sit? It won't solve everything.
Each flower is so beautiful!
What is more beautiful - you will not understand!

4. "On a narrow path" - Russian folk amusement. Target: develop general coordination of movements.

Along the narrow path
Our feet are walking
(walk in a circle one after another, raising legs high)
By pebbles, by pebbles
(jumping from foot to foot at a slow pace)
And into the hole ... wow!
(sit down on the floor on the last word)

2nd week:

1. "Top - top" - finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of hands.

Top - top, topotushki!
(palms up, palms down and fingers go)
A bunny is dancing on the edge,
(we bend the hands, like a bunny's paws in front of the chest)
Dancing hedgehog on a stump,
(we connect the hands at an angle)
The dog is dancing on the porch,
(the thumb is in contact with four fingers, the index finger is bent at the joint)
The mouse is dancing near the mink,
(raise your hands up on your head, spreading your fingers)
A goat is dancing on a hill,
(index finger is applied to the head)
A duck is dancing on the river
(we connect two palms, make, as it were, a beak and
disconnect)
Turtle in the sand
(with one hand we make a fist, and with the other hand this fist
close)
Top - top, topotushki!
(fingers "walk" on the table)
Dancing - ducks,
(spread out, put palms on head)
What are you standing?
Swim and you!

2. "Collect a flower." Target: to form visual-motor coordination; develop visual orientation to the shape of the object; to form practical ways of orientation (trial method); arouse interest in their actions; learn to capture small objects (petals) with your fingers; to form the ability of coordinated action with the fingers of both hands.

Material: a flower (application) is made on a sheet of paper, petals separately, a tray.

3. "Dandelions in the clearing" - modeling (pinching, rolling, pressing). Target: learn to pinch off small pieces from a large piece, roll up balls, press the balls with your index finger, attaching them to the base.

4. "Beautiful dandelion" - sticking matches into a plasticine lump. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

5. "Flowers have grown." Target: develop general coordination of movements.

One, two, three - flowers have grown,
(get up slowly from sitting position)
Stretched high to the sun, high!
(raise hands up, stretch)
The flowers are warm and good!
(wiggle face with hands)
E. Pozhilenko

3rd week:

"Two centipedes" - finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Two centipedes ran along the path,
(palms are straight, we touch with our fingers, i.e. connect
hire)
They ran, they ran, they met each other.
(palms up, fingers straight)
So they hugged each other
(we hook our fingers to each other like "hooks")
So they hugged each other
(palm to palm clings like a "lock")
So they hugged each other
That we barely separated them.
(Like a lock has been opened)

2. "Make a boat out of sticks." Target: learn to assemble (compose) a boat from sticks according to a graphic image (drawing); develop coordinated hand movements and fine fingertip movements.

Material: colored sticks, a subject picture with the image of a boat and a layout diagram.

The ship is sailing on the river
The captain is leading him.

3. "Balls" - drawing. Target: learn to draw round objects, continue to introduce the names of colors, learn to distinguish them; learn how to hold a brush correctly, draw with paints and use paints of different colors; develop fine motor skills.

Material: sheets with the image of colorful balloons, gouache.

Balls, balls
They gave us!
Red, blue
Give to kids!
Balls raised
We are overhead.
The balls danced!
Red, blue.

4. "Fox" - a dynamic exercise. Target: develop general coordination of movements, perform movements according to the text:

Lisonka woke up in the morning,
Paw stretched to the right,
Paw stretched to the left,
The sun smiled softly.
She clenched all her fingers into a fist,
Rubbing all the paws began -
Arms, legs and sides:
What a beauty!
And then the palm
Slapped a little.
I began to stroke the arms, legs
And quite a bit on the side.
Well, beautiful - Lisa!
(showing off, perform half-turns of the body to the right -
to the left, putting your hands on your belt and straightening your back)
How good is that!

4th week:

1. "Fingers - friendly family" - a finger game. Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Fingers are a friendly family,
They cannot live without each other.
(squeeze the fingers of each hand into fists and unclench them)
Here is a large one, and this is a medium one,
Nameless and last -
Our little finger, baby!
Woo! Index forgotten.
So that the fingers live together.
(alternately raise the fingers of both hands up)
Let's connect them
And make moves...
(we attach each finger alternately to the thumb)

2. "Rain". Target: develop fine motor skills of fingers.

Material: picture (a cloud is drawn, it is raining from a cloud, children run away from the rain along the path).

Guidelines: invite the child to help the children hide from the rain: "Walk with the fingers of your right hand along the path (consisting of circles) to the umbrella: thumb and index, index and middle, middle and ring, ring and little finger, thumb and little finger, thumb and ring finger, large and medium.

A cloud floats quietly across the sky,
It's raining from this cloud.
All the kids are hiding from the rain
They run under an umbrella in the middle of the yard!

3. "Cut pictures" - collect pictures of toys from two parts. Target: clarify the idea of \u200b\u200bobjects (toys), learn to highlight parts and combine them into a whole; develop a visual orientation to the color of objects by comparison (this - not this); develop fine motor skills; reinforce an emotionally positive attitude towards the game.

Material: pictures of toys: ball, pyramid, car, matryoshka and cut pictures of these items.

Methodological recommendations: the teacher shows subject pictures, examines parts of these objects with the child, then invites the child to find the details for each toy and connect them (make a toy) with the help of an adult.

4. "Make a pyramid." Target: learn to assemble a pyramid of four to five rings of the same color, successively decreasing and located on a sheet of paper; to develop finer differentiation in the selection of items in descending order; develop fine motor skills.

Material: a sheet of clean paper, cardboard pyramids (rings) of four primary colors.

5. "Walk". Target: develop general coordination of movements; perform movements according to the text:

One, two, three, one, two, three
We went along the path.
(march step)
Winding path began
Among the tall grasses
We walk on it easily,
Raising his head.
(snake walking)
Here we saw bumps,
We jumped over them.
(jump forward)
A stream flows ahead
Come quickly!
(walking on toes)
Let's put our hands to the sides,
We will cross it.
We saw the spring forest
And everyone ran to him.
(hands to the side)
Looked at the run
Who grazes in the meadow.
(running in circles)

Literature

Alyabyeva E.A. Logorhythmic exercises without musical accompaniment: Methodological guide. - M.: TC Sphere, 2006. - 64 p. (Speech therapist at preschool educational institution).
Belaya A.E. Finger games for the development of speech of preschoolers: a guide for parents and teachers. - M.: AST: Astrel: Profizdat, 2006. - 46, p.: ill.
Borisenko M.G., Lukina N.A. Our fingers play (Development of fine motor skills). - St. Petersburg: "Parity", 2003. - 144 p. - (Series "I am born. I grow. I develop.)
Galkina G.G., Dubinina T.I. Fingers help to speak. - M.: Publishing house "Gnome and D", 2006. - 40 p.
Dedyukhina G.V., Kirillova E.V. We learn to speak. Moscow publishing center "Techinform", MAI, 1997.
Zakharova L.V. Games and exercises with young children with deviations in psychophysical development. 2004. - 23 p.
Zakharova L.V. Perspective plan for drawing and application for children two to three years old. Perspective plan of lessons for a year on modeling for children of two to three years. (From the experience of working in the Orphanage), 2006.
Isaenko O.V. Long-term planning for modeling, drawing. (From the experience of working in the Orphanage), 2007.
"Games and activities with young children with disabilities in psychophysical development: a book for teachers" / Ed. E.A. Strebeleva, G.A. Mishina. M.: Polygraph service, 2002. - 128 p.
Kartushina M.Yu. Logistics for kids. - M.: TC Sphere, 2005. - 144 p. (Development program)
Kartushina M.Yu. Logorhythmic classes in kindergarten: Methodological guide. - M.: TC Sphere, 2004. - 192 p.
Mashin L., Madysheva E. Montessori Home School. 2-4 for the little ones.
Pozhilenko E.A. Articulation gymnastics: Guidelines for the development of motor skills, breathing and voice in preschool children. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2006. - 92 p.: ill. – (Popular speech therapy)
Romanov A.A. Finger games for kids. Cards with game tasks: A manual for child psychologists, teachers, speech pathologists, parents. - M.: "Plate"; 2005. - 48 p.: ill.
Timofeeva E.Yu., Chernova E.I. Finger steps. Exercises for the development of fine motor skills. - St. Petersburg: Crown print; M.: Binom - Press, 2006. - 32 p.; ill.
Uzorova O.V. Finger gymnastics. - M .: Astrel Publishing House LLC: AST Publishing House LLC, 2003. - 127, p.
Tsvyntary V.V. We play with fingers and develop speech. - St. Petersburg: Lan, 1996. - 32 p.
Yanushko E. School of the Seven Dwarfs. The development of fine motor skills in children from two to three years. Plasticine pictures. 2006

Most babies are big fans of grabbing, trying to touch, crushing or tearing. Many parents try to rid their child of these habits, but in vain. Translate the desire of children to act with their hands for good.

In the process of actions with fingers, the active work of the speech centers of the child's brain begins. Don't restrict your baby. Prepare items that are not a pity, let the child wrinkle and tear them with pleasure. The smaller the resulting pieces, the better.

You can play with different items. Perfectly contribute to the formation of fine motor skills classes with cereals, beads, coins. Such games can be played with children over three years old and only under adult supervision. For kids, manufacturers have already come up with a lot of special soft toys that are filled inside with small balls.

Drawing and modeling

Children's plasticine is an excellent tool for the development of fine motor skills. Give preference to modeling mass, which is made of safe materials, easily kneads and does not dry out. Invite your child to mold their favorite toy, animal, fairy-tale character. Toddlers can simply knead plasticine in their hands, any actions with fingers with effort help to form speech.

Drawing should be unusual. Try to paint a picture together not with an ordinary brush, but with your fingers. This method is within the power of even the smallest. Surprisingly, the drawings are no worse. And the benefits of such drawing are much greater.

Toys with laces and buttons

Get ready-made toys equipped with threading laces and large buttons. Practicing fastening, unbuttoning, getting a button into a buttonhole or a lace into a hole, the child imperceptibly trains manual skills. In a playful way, the baby acquires the necessary skills, and the mother gets some free time.

natural material

Children are very fond of collecting cones, chestnuts, acorns. Going to nature in autumn, do not forget to pick up a lot of forest gifts. At home, be sure to dry all the collected material, put it in an elegant box and put it in the nursery. You will smile, but from simple things, the baby can come up with many different crafts. Even a simple shifting of forest "treasures" from place to place is of great importance.

For the development of fine motor skills, it is not at all necessary to buy special aids that are not cheap. Improvised materials, used correctly, give the same effect. Turn on the fantasy, show the baby how to interact with objects around. Your desire and his curiosity guarantee the success of the future development of the child.

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The growing up and growth of children is a very peculiar process, which is distinguished by many subtleties and nuances. And every person who is a parent, by all means, must take a direct part in the development of his child. And this means not only, as they say, the teaching of the mind, sending to kindergarten and school, as well as providing the child with everything necessary for a normal life, but also more subtle actions. One of these is the development of fine motor skills.

What is fine motor skills?

The expression "fine motor skills" by physiologists means the movement of the small muscles of the hands. But here it is very important to keep in mind the hand-eye coordination, because the development of small hand movements is carried out with the help of vision.

Why develop fine motor skills?

The question of why it is necessary to develop fine motor skills is very relevant, because. Many do not understand why this is necessary at all.

To begin with, it is worth noting that in general the motor skills of the hands are most directly developed with the development of speech. And this is not a myth, as it might seem at first glance. Research scientists have shown that from the point of view of anatomy, about a third of the entire area of the motor projection of the cerebral cortex is occupied by the projection of the hands, located very close to the speech zone.

Given this, an assumption has appeared according to which the subtle movements of the fingers have a formative and developing effect on the speech function of the child. For this reason, if you want to teach your child to speak, you must not only train his articulatory apparatus, but also develop fine motor skills in every possible way, namely: the movement of the fingers.

But there is something else that definitely needs to be mentioned: fine motor skills of the hands develop not only speech. In addition, it interacts with thinking, motor and observation, coordination and attention.

It is also necessary to develop fine motor skills for the reason that the whole future life of a still small person will require him to use coordinated and precise movements of the hands and fingers. Take at least quite elementary actions: fastening and unfastening buttons and locks, tying shoelaces, putting on and taking off clothes, drawing and writing, working with a computer, and much more. It would seem simple, but none of this a person will be able to perform properly if his fine motor skills are not developed.

But when should you start developing fine motor skills?

When to start developing fine motor skills?

Experts recommend starting the development of fine motor skills in children at the age of eight months. It is during this period that the fingers will already give in to active training. You can, of course, start developing fine motor skills even earlier, offering the baby to play with objects of different shapes and sizes, as well as with special toys, which, by the way, are easily made from what is at home, but it’s not a fact that there will be a result . So eight months is the best time.

And the next quite logical question would be: “What are the ways to develop fine motor skills?”. That is what we will answer below.

By and large, the choice of means for the development of fine motor skills is quite diverse. Moreover, the more ways you use, the more effective and complete the classes will be, and the result will become more tangible.

So, consider the most common and popular ways to develop fine motor skills.

Games with small stones, buttons, beads and cereals

Games with small stones, buttons, beads and cereals have an excellent developing, healing and tonic effect on the child's body. However, they should always be carried out under the supervision of one of the adults, so that the child does not accidentally get hurt or eat one of the above items.

These games include:

Drawings from cereals. A piece of cardboard is taken, and the child draws any image on it, for example, the sun. Then you need to take the safest glue and apply it along the contour of the drawing, and the child should put, for example, peas, beans or buckwheat on these lines. This game serves as an excellent training for the muscles of the hands and fingers.
Exercise using forceps. You need to give the child tongs and ask him to put beads, peas, etc. into a bottle with a narrow neck.
Exercise with tweezers. The child is given tweezers, and with its help he shifts from one container to another and sorts small toys or the same cereal. In addition, it is very effective if the baby shifts small toys or cereals with tweezers into some kind of figured container, for example, into a mold for ice or baking cakes.
Sort small items by size, shape and color. Have your child sort the grains, buttons, or beads by color, size, or shape.

"Finger" games

"Finger" games are a kind of staging of any stories, most often rhymed, using fingers. You can start playing such games even up to one year, and then continue, slightly complicating finger movements. You can play until the end of primary school age.

Most of these games involve the use of two hands, thanks to which children begin to understand what is “down”, “up”, “left”, “right”, etc. To obtain the greatest effect, these finger exercises must be built in such a way that tension, relaxation, squeezing and unclenching the hands alternately change, and isolated movements of all fingers are involved.

Modeling from clay, plasticine or salt dough

Today it is a well-known fact that working with such "materials" as clay, plasticine and salt dough perfectly develops fine motor skills, and also has a wonderful effect on the imagination.

What can be done:

Paste glass bottles with plasticine and give them the shape of teapots, vases, jugs, etc.
Spread out of plasticine in the form of balls, sausages on cardboard or plywood specific specified patterns
Make prints on clay, dough or plasticine by pressing on them with your fingers, toys, coins, buttons, etc.
Sculpt balls, rings, sausages, then cut into separate pieces, and then put together again (you can shape individual pieces)
Make several different parts and make a composition out of them (you can prepare the elements yourself, and only after that give them to the child to work with)

Exercises with the use of additional objects

In addition to the fact that exercises with the use of additional objects are very exciting and entertaining, they are excellent for developing spatial imagination.

Among these games stand out:

Mosaic. For starters, it’s enough that the baby will simply insert the mosaic elements into the base. Subsequently, a specific image or shape should be set for the child to post it. The ideal option would be a mosaic with different hats.
Accounts. Give the child the task of shifting the counting rings from one end to the other. To develop counting skills, you can also move the rings in order.
Threads. This refers to the usual winding and unwinding of threads on various objects. You can, for example, pre-select the figures of any animals, and the child will wrap them with thread, giving color. The same figures can be used for games.
Paperclips. To play this game, you will need the usual multi-colored paper clips and several sheets of colored paper. The task is to collect leaves of the same color in a small pack, and then fasten them with the same paper clip.
Bolts and nuts. Nothing unusual is required - only large bolts and nuts. And the meaning of the game is even simpler - to screw the nuts on the bolts.
Clothespins. Clothespins are taken and cling to a rope, cardboard or any other base. The task can also be complicated: some identification marks are glued to the base and clothespins, for example, colored cards or letters, and the child clings to the clothespins to the corresponding bases.

In fact, this list of games for the development of fine motor skills is not exhaustive. For this purpose, you can find some other games or come up with your own. Remember that anything is suitable for the development of motor skills: water, sand, shoelaces, wire, paper, etc. etc.

And one more thing: developing fine motor skills is useful not only for children, but also for adults, so even if you do not have children, go to the store for plasticine, and we assure you, the evening will be spent with benefit.

Olga
Non-traditional methods for the development of fine motor skills in preschool children

.

Introduction

1. Equipment subject

2. Games and exercises on development of fine motor skills of the hands.

3. Little known

Conclusion

Non-traditional methods for the development of fine motor skills in preschool children.

With the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard (FGOS) education in a preschool educational institution is considered not as a preliminary stage before studying at school, but as an independent important period in a child's life, as an important milestone on the path of continuous education in a person's life.

Problem the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age is reflected in"Federal state standard preschool education". Presented in milestones at completion stage preschool education"The child has fine motor skills developed» Problem development of manual skills and fine motor skills hands is also important for personal development of the child. Possessing the hand, the child in the process of his development becomes more independent, autonomous and independent from an adult, which contributes to the formation of his initiative in various types of children's activities.

New educational programs for preschool educational institutions are aimed, first of all, at a comprehensive development child on the basis of special, specific activities inherent in preschoolers. That is, in practice, we have received a more playful and versatile approach that welcomes the maximum exploitation of innovative and active methods pedagogical interaction, more individualized and aimed at revealing the own potential of each child. Dictating pedagogy is finally completely obsolete and will be replaced by more modern pedagogy development, pedagogy of creativity and freedom.

small(thin) motility hand is the ability to perform precise coordinated actions with fingers and hands. Skills fine motor skills necessary not only in everyday life, they have a great influence on the learning process of the child. That is why, when diagnosing readiness for school, much attention is paid to how developed fine motor skills of preschoolers.

In everyday life, we have to perform actions every minute. fine motor skills: fasten buttons, tie shoelaces, hold cutlery. Skills fine motor skills important in teaching writing and drawing: from degree development of these skills will in particular, depend on a person's handwriting. Besides, the development of fine motor skills is closely related to the development of speech, since the areas of the cerebral cortex responsible for these functions are located very close to each other.

Exactly at preschool age for the development of fine motor skills special attention should be paid Attention: by the time the child goes to school, his motor skills must be developed at a sufficient level, otherwise schooling will be difficult for him.

Working with children preschool age I am facing such problems children how weak hand development, poor memorization of color, shape, violation hand motility, such children the slowness of performing movements prevails, stiffness is observed. When performing tasks, the child begins to act up, his mood worsens.

Realizing the importance of this problem, I set myself goal: develop fine motor skills preschool children through various activities, through didactic games and toys. The group created the necessary subject - development environment, purchased games and manuals for development of fine motor skills, many are handmade.

Target:

Development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements preschool children through various activities, improving the conditions for .

Tasks:

Improve coordination and accuracy of hand and eye movements, hand flexibility, rhythm;

Improve fine motor skills of fingers, hands;

Improve overall physical activity;

Contribute to the normalization of speech function;

- develop imagination, logical thinking, voluntary attention, visual and auditory perception, creative activity;

Create an emotionally comfortable environment in communication with peers and adults.

Relevance.

At the early stage of life, fine motor skills reflect, how child develops, testifies about his intellectual abilities. Children with bad developed manual motor skills they awkwardly hold a spoon, a pencil, cannot fasten buttons, lace up shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect scattered parts of the designer, work with puzzles, counting sticks, and mosaics. They refuse modeling and applique, which are loved by other children, they do not keep up with the guys in the classroom.

Thus, the possibilities of mastering the world by children are impoverished. Children often feel inadequate in elementary activities available to their peers. This affects the emotional well-being of the child, his self-esteem. Level over time development creates school difficulties.

And, of course, in preschool age work on the development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements should be an important part development of children's speech, the formation of self-service skills and preparation for writing. How deftly a child learns to control his fingers depends on his further development. development. As well as the development of fine motor skills develop memory, attention, and vocabulary.

2. Equipment subject developing space for the development of fine motor skills of hands in preschool children

In our group, the space is equipped with objects - developing environment for the development of fine motor skills of hands is:

An art activity corner where children can independently sculpt, draw, developing creativity, imagination, independence and fine motor skills of the hands.

Lacing toys

The simplest laces are designed for children aged one to three years. In a playful way, development of fine motor skills of the hands, and, consequently, the phased preparation of the child for writing. Lacing allows you to come up with many games. This is directly lacing, and the ability to use elements "lacing" in role-playing games or learn primary colors. Lacing games are designed with a purpose fine motor skills development, perseverance and eye. During the game, coordination of movements and flexibility of the hands are improved.

cubes; various wooden pyramids; constructor- develop fine motor skills, contribute to the design that develops finger dexterity and the ability to navigate in space; jigsaw puzzles - collecting colorful pictures, kid develops not only fine motor skills but also attentiveness, intelligence, logical thinking, coordination of the work of the eyes and hands; cubes - sorters - the child learns to select figures in shape and insert them into the appropriate holes. Thanks to such activities, the baby develops fine motor skills of fingers, and also gets acquainted with various geometric shapes and various colors; mosaic-promotes development of fine motor skills, ingenuity and creative abilities of the child; beans and peas fine motor skills of the hands.

In educational activities for development of fine motor skills I use:

Plasticine, with the help of plasticine, the child expresses himself not only creatively, but also develops flexibility and mobility of their fingers, which, in turn, improves speech;

Bean drawing. On a piece of cardboard, the child draws a simple image, for example, a little man. After that, he applies glue on the lines from the pencil and sticks the beans. Working with such small objects like beans trains the muscles of the hand and fingers.

Mosaic - I prepare thin strips of colored paper in advance. The child tears them with his hands small pieces and lays out a mosaic from them, having previously smeared them with glue. This exercise is especially suitable for children who do not yet know how to use scissors.

Colored semolina

Have the child draw a simple outline drawing on a piece of paper and smear it with glue. After that, grabbing the croup with your fingers, fill in the drawing with it. Let the glue dry. At the end, you need to shake off the excess grits from the picture.

Modeling from clay and plasticine.

Drawing or coloring pictures

Making paper crafts. For example, cutting out geometric shapes with scissors, drawing up patterns, making applications. The child needs to be able to use scissors and glue.

Making crafts from natural material: cones, acorns, straw and other available materials. except development of fine motor skills of hands, these activities also develop imagination, a child's fantasy.

Non-traditional drawing techniques: brush, finger, toothbrush, candle, etc.

In our free time, in the evenings we play with children in:

Seed sorting (requires sorting different types of seeds with tweezers); transfusion of liquids and not only (it is better to start with "transfusion" of seeds, for example, peas. After that, you can learn to "transfer" sand, and only then water); fastening and unfastening buttons, buttons, hooks (good training for fingers, dexterity and fine motor skills develop); tying and untying ribbons, shoelaces, knots on a rope (each such movement has a huge impact on development of fine motor skills of the child's hands); twisting and unrolling jar lids, bubbles, etc. (also improves development of fine motor skills and dexterity of the child's fingers); my kids favorite game "Dry pool". The child dips his hand into multi-colored containers from chocolate eggs and by touch looks for a toy hidden by me. The found toy brings great joy to the child. The use of such a manual is multifunctional, it is a mosaic and objects - substitutes in the game.

For example, chocolate egg containers make good Montessori-style rattles - pedagogy. To do this, you need to take an even number of identical kinder - boxes, fill them in pairs with different bulk products of different caliber: semolina, rice, peas, beans, large nuts (hazelnut) or chestnuts. The task of the child is to find two containers with the same sound.

Start work on development of fine motor skills needed from the earliest age. Take a bright tray. In a thin, even layer, scatter any small groats. Run your child's finger over the rump. Get a bright contrasting line.

important work on development manual skills are finger games, they are emotional, understandable, accessible and very captivating children.

These games help speech development, creative activity and health promotion.

I have created a cumulative folder of finger games, trying to select exercises based on advanced planning of educational activities, according to seasonality and with a wide variety of finger movements. I conduct finger gymnastics not only in educational activities, but also in sensitive moments, on a walk.

For example, the well-known game for kids "Magpie-crow cooked porridge.", there is an example of massaging the palms of a child. Exactly "Magpie Crow" with its circular movements on the palm affects digestion, and gentle pressure on the fingertips stimulates speech development. It is also interesting that much attention is paid to the little finger, and this is also not without reason. The little finger is supposed to be massaged more thoroughly than others, since it is believed that the points responsible for the heart, liver and kidneys are located on the little finger. Finger games and palms, which are accompanied by poems, have a positive effect on speech development, rhythm development in a child. It is important to play all games both on the right hand and on the left.

For children such games remain good fun. During the game, children easily memorized movements and verses.

And of course the game "Rock Paper Scissors" which came to us from China. Children from the age of four perfectly understand the rules of the game and play it with pleasure. It is worth noting that this game is the most beloved for many children.

Words: rock Paper Scissors. Tsu-e-fa.

On the last words, a palm is thrown out, which shows a certain sign. Rock will dull scissors, scissors will cut paper, and paper will wrap rock. Demonstrate to the child how this happens so that he does not get confused.

3. Games and exercises on development of fine motor skills of the hands.

I created games and exercises for development of fine motor skills of the hands, which are very popular in our group and children play with great pleasure.

A game "tactile bag"

I prepared the same caps, their number should be even. You can take caps from juice boxes or plastic bottles, drinking yogurt.

As a tactile material, I used sandpaper, carpet, fabric with different textures (velveteen, denim, tapestry, fur, knitted fabric, leather, mosquito net, etc. According to the size of the covers, I cut out two circles of each material and put the circles into lids smeared with glue.I sewed a beautiful bag of dense fabric.

Rules of the game: put several pairs of caps in the bag (you can start with two pairs, gradually increasing their number).

The child recognizes by touch what is glued in the lid, and pulls out the same glued lids.

Pipette exercise

For this exercise, you will need a pipette and small containers for pouring liquid. Suction with a pipette of water. Develops small finger movements and improves overall hand motility.

Exercise with tweezers

Children put beads, peas, buttons into the container with tweezers.

Sorting small items

Sort by color, shape, size small items e.g. beads, buttons.

Pompoms and tongs

It is required to fold the pom-poms into a bottle with tongs.

Doll clothes on clothespins

Hanging out doll clothes and scraps of fabric on a string with clothespins is also a great exercise for development of fine motor skills. This type of activity is popular not only among girls, but also among boys.

Box with clothespins

Clothespins can be attached not only to a string, but also to a cardboard box. For these purposes, I used a shoe box. To make this exercise more interesting and useful, I cut out geometric shapes from cardboard and attach clothespins to them.

Hole Punch Exercise

It is necessary to cut out some figure from cardboard, and then make holes along the edge of this figure with a hole punch. Now you need to take a colored lace or ribbon and thread it through the holes.

Cocktail tubes

Cut into small pieces of multi-colored plastic tubules for a cocktail. The exercise consists in stringing these pieces on a string in a certain sequence.

Dear colleagues, I introduced you to the most famous forms and methods of work on the development of fine motor skills of hands in preschool children. But for my work, I have identified a few more unconventional and little-known method which I will now tell you about.

4. Little known non-traditional methods for the development of fine motor skills of the hands

TO non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills of the hands include: massage with a Su-jok ball, Kuznetsov applicator or Lyapko needle mats (Acupuncture, button therapy.

unconventional material provides ample opportunities for training small hand muscles in various activities of a playful nature.

Between continuous educational activities, I spend dynamic pauses with a massager "Su-Jok".

The Su-Jok massager is a unique tactile gymnastics that has a total effect on the cerebral cortex, which protects its individual zones from overwork, evenly distributing the load on the brain. Game self-massage with a massager is carried out in the form of 5-minute exercises between the main parts of the lesson (dynamic pauses).

Finger and hand relaxation exercises hands:

“Let's stroke the kitten” - smooth movements illustrating the corresponding action are performed first with one hand, then with the other. (3-5 times).

"Bunny" - and. p .: the hand rests on the elbow; straighten up and get divorced to the sides of the index and middle fingers, the remaining fingers are clenched into a fist.

"Ring" - and. n. the same; the thumb and forefinger are connected in a ring, the remaining fingers are straightened and parted to the side.

Approximate exercises using the Su-Jok massager:

Rectilinear movements of the prickly ball:

- On the back and palmar side of the hand (first ask the child to depict the sun, spreading the fingers of the massaging hand). The direction of movement is from the fingertips to the wrist joint.

Circular movements along palms:

- First with one hand;

Then the other hand.

Spiral movements:

- On the back and palmar surfaces of the hand with the pads of two to five fingers (From fingertips to wrist).

Zigzag movements:

- On the palms of both hands (you can use the game image in communication with children: draw the child's attention to what the hand resembles wood: the forearm is the trunk, and the hand with spread fingers is the crown).

Weak tingle of all fingers:

– Pads of one hand;

- Pads of the other hand

Acupuncture

Term "Acupuncture" literally means treatment with needles. I conduct acupuncture with children using the Kuznetsov applicator - a needle-shaped therapeutic and prophylactic massager, which is designed as a prefabricated structure, the simplest element of which is a module, which is a plastic plate with a working needle-like surface.

Needle technique massage: in a playful way, I suggest that the child put his hands on the applicator. Moreover, such a game should contain tasks in which the child touches the needle in different ways. masseur: then complete palm, then with one finger, then barely, then with considerable effort.

You can also diversify activity:

Offer to walk along the path;

Look for individual modules in a dry pool, in sand, water containers,

Use as chips in board games, tokens in competitions;

To consolidate knowledge of color, counting, prepositional case constructions, to divide words, syllables and sounds, laying out diagrams on the table from massager modules, play checkers.

Button therapy.

Any teacher knows: in order to win the trust of a child, one must have something secret and inaccessible to him in ordinary life. And so subject in our group became an ordinary button.

A wide variety of buttons allows us to use them for corrective and developing games to familiarize and reinforce concepts such as color, shape, size. Practicing with buttons, baby develops coordination of movements, achieving precise execution; develops perseverance and arbitrariness of mental processes, develops auditory, visual and kinesthetic channels of perception, since the exercises are performed in mode: hear, see, do.

Button therapy is easy to use, manipulations with buttons do not form dust, do not cause allergies, do not get dirty, they cannot be cut or pricked. Buttons are easy to clean, handled like all plastic toys in a children's institution, and you won't have to look for a button washing assistant for a long time, you won't have to beg.

Here are some examples of button games.

Raising buttons.

Using two fingers of different hands, shift the buttons from the box to the table, while all pairs of the same fingers of both hands must participate in the process (in order).

Complication: combine in pairs different fingers of both hands, for example, a pair - the index finger of the right hand and the little finger of the left hand. game on time: who will collect more buttons in a certain time?

Grow, finger!

With the thumb we move the button along the phalanx of the finger from the nail to the palm and back, forcing "grow" every finger.

Complication: exercise with both hands at the same time.

Who quickly?

Place the button on the child's index finger. The task of his comrade will be to shift the button to his finger without the use of others. The one who dropped the item loses. If enough kids, you can divide them into teams and arrange competitions.

Pass the button.

Pass the button from hand to hand in a circle.

Complication: Change the way the button is sent.

Pick a button.

Pick up a button in size and color to the corresponding place in the picture - template.

Cryotherapy.

Cryotherapy literally means cold treatment. But in our case, the positive effect is not so much the cold as the contrast of temperatures, i.e. exposure to cold and heat alternately on the hands, contrast therapy.

Cold causes muscle contraction, and heat causes relaxation. Normalizes muscle tone, contractility small muscles of the hand increases. All this contributes to the improvement of more subtle movements of the hand, leads to the implementation of clear differentiated movements, respectively. develops motor area of the cerebral cortex and, as a result, improves the process speech development. Cryotherapy does not require special equipment. Pieces of ice are needed, which are prepared in advance. Carrying out cryotherapy with children has its contraindications and its methodology.

Contraindications.

You can not carry out cryotherapy for children with episyndrome;

Carefully use cryotherapy with long-term and frequently ill children.

Cryotherapy is carried out in three stages.

1. Cryocontrast. Children take pieces of ice from a bowl and sort through them for 10-15 seconds. Then they warm up their hands, this is done in a basin of warm water or on plastic bottles of hot water. Dip your hands in the ice again. Cryocontrast is carried out three times. Then dry your hands with a towel.

This work can be diversified by adding aroma oil and color to the ice.

2. Finger gymnastics (mainly for stretching muscles).

3. Development tactile sensitivity:

Hand massage with cones, Su-Jok balls, brushes, stroking objects of different textures.

Methods for the development of fine motor skills - cryotherapy, acupuncture and button therapy have made it possible to achieve certain results:

Children are easier to learn and independently perform complex finger exercises and their combinations;

At children develop more easily visual and graphic skills;

- develop attention and memory which are closely related to speech development;

Increasing interest children for classes with a speech therapist, psychologist.

In addition, both of these methods initially have a medical focus. And this means that the positive effect of their use is confirmed not only in the process of pedagogical observation, but also in the process of various medical studies.

I presented to your attention a very small part of the games that I use in my work.

I work to improve sensory perception and hand development on a walk. These are, of course, games with sand and snow. The guys like to draw with a stick in the sand, but also put prints palms, depicting flowers or butterflies. Draw animal tracks, roads, the world that the child sees with his own eyes. It is varied, interesting and instructive.

Conclusion

In this way, developing fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements preschool children through various activities, improving the conditions for development of fine motor skills of the fingers of preschool children I have achieved the following results: improved coordination and accuracy of hand and eye movements, hand flexibility, rhythm; fine motor skills of fingers, hands; improved imagination development, logical thinking, voluntary attention, visual and auditory perception, creative activity; created an emotionally comfortable environment in communication with peers and adults.